“Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon and the truth.”
Buddha
By and large, we as professional investigators understand that cases that are energetically pursued more often than not give birth to critical evidence. We pursue leads, obviously: witness interviews, court records, database research, discovery review, etc. And while it’s important to study and research all the obvious areas in which information and intelligence are often found, there is one critical resource that is overlooked: calls for service records.
What Is a calls for Service Record?
Depending on the jurisdiction, a calls for service record may also be called a name check, location check, list of involvement, department contact record, etc. Regardless of the name, these records are considered public record in most states. Essentially, a calls for service record is a record maintained by a law enforcement agency during the course of its normal business that documents the agency’s contact with a person, address, business, or asset.
Hidden Information
Calls for service records can contain information that would otherwise be unavailable. As a result, it’s hard to imagine any type of investigation or intelligence collection effort that couldn’t benefit from a search of calls for service records. These records contain, at a minimum, the date, time, nature of contact, and persons/places involved for all police contact. By requesting calls for service records for a specific investigation target, it is possible to learn about uncharged criminal conduct by or against the target; vehicles connected to the target; phone numbers; employment information; associates; any drug or alcohol dependency the target might have; crimes which the target has been a suspect or victim; civil allegations against the target; police informants connected to the target; Terry stops; traffic stops; and much more. Being creative with your requests can unlock hidden police information on just about any person, location, or business.
Locating and Obtaining Records
When investigating a person, business, or address, an investigator should make a list of all the law enforcement jurisdictions connected to the target. In cases where your target is a specific individual, obvious connections would include jurisdictions where the individual has lived, worked, or attended school, and any other areas known to be frequented by the individual.
Once the jurisdiction to be searched are identified, it’s time to create the public records request. Most law enforcement agencies have a public records request form, and they will undoubtedly demand that you complete the form (this practice may violate your state’s public records law). You’ll notice that some forms do not have a check box for calls for service records. That’s OK. Always start with the assumption that all government records produced by a government entity are public record, unless a specific statute prohibits the release of said record. In all appropriate spaces on the government form, write the following: “SEE ATTACHED LETTER.” Now, here is where that creativity I recently mentioned comes into play. The letter that you are going to attach to the government form will be your official request prepared on your letter head. The official request should contain the following information at a minimum:
- For the header, write “Official Public Records Request.”
- Write the name and address of the jurisdiction from which you are requesting records.
- Cite your state’s public records statute (example: “Pursuant to ARS 39-121 et seq.,The Arizona Public Records Law, I am seeking…”).
- State that you are seeking records of all calls for service, dispatched calls, officer-initiated contacts, and a list of department contacts, for the following individual/address/business.
- Ask that the agency include the nature of the incident, the date of the incident, and the names of the people involved.
- Toward the end of your letter, write “If you believe all or portions of these documents should be withheld from public inspection, I request an index of records or categories of records that have been withheld and reasons the records or categories of records have been withheld.”
- End your request with an offer to pay any public records fees incurred by your request.
Once your letter is complete, submit the agency’s form with your official letterhead request stapled to it. Always attach your own records request letter anytime you seek public records.
Real-World Example
Recently, our agency was working a high-profile injunction against harassment case. While researching the petitioner, we filed several calls for service records requests with law enforcement agencies covering the jurisdictions in which the petitioner had resided. The requests unearthed multiple documented police contact records that allowed us to prove to the court that the petitioner had lied on their injunction application and that the petitioner was in fact mentally ill.
Conclusion
Creativity, combined with a firm grasp of the public records laws, enables an investigator to uncover hidden information that is essential to leveraging negotiations, advising clients, and winning at trial. By incorporating calls for service records requests into your investigative approach, you will greatly increase your chances of unveiling key evidence, which will allow you to become a “merchant of wow.”